Oil burner



Dec. l0, 1929.. v

wL E. SHOR 1,739,047

OIL BURNER 'Filed oct. 29, 1924 2 sheets-sheet 1 ff. @ff/M Dec. 10, 1929. W. E. SHORE OIL BRNER 2 Sheets-Sheet Filed Oct. 29.

Patented Dee. 1o, 1929 ,PAlpueNT- oFFxcE WILLIAM E. SHORE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

OIL BURNER Application mea october 29, 1924. serial. No. 746,553.

yl`he principal objects of the present invention are to devise a form of burner particularly adapted for use in small plants such as for house heating and which will operate without noise at lovv flame velocity.

A further object is to devise a structure which vvill e'ectively burn any grade of oil or Huid hydrocarbon.

A still further object is lto insure the entire ya body of hydro-carbon being subjected to a temperature that will completely break down its structure and e'ect complete combustion before the produced heat is transferred to the heat distributing medium.

rlhe principal feature of the invention con? sists in arranging Within the heating chamber of a furnace a preheating and gasifying chamber wherein the hydro-carbon is broken up and mixed with air at a high temperature to eect complete combustion before the products are delivered to the heating chamber in an incandescent state.

ln the drawings Figure 1 isa vertical midsectional vievv of an apparatus constructed according to this invention. 4

Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional detail taken on. the line 2-2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional View taken on the line 3-,-3 of Figure 1.

on the line 4 4 of Figure 1.

Many different forms of apparatus'have been conceived for the purpose of burning heavy hydro-carbone but much difficulty has been found in accomplishing the desired result of complete combustion of the fuels so that the maximum of heat values would be recovered and the nuisance of smoke eliminated.

' The present invention accomplishes the desired results by burning the fuels progressive ly before they are brought int contact kwith the heat transferring mediums. y

In the form of apparatus herein illustrated a circular pot 1, preferably having convergent side walls, 'rests on the base of the furnace 2,

to and extends up to the ordinary grate ring 4 Figure 4 is a horizontal sectional view taken and is spaced from the pot to form an annular chamber therearound. The pot is preferablyy lined With refractory material 5. A pot 6 open at the bottom and having a plurallty of perforations 6 in its Wall is supported cen- 55 trally of the pot 1 upon the radial arms? and is spaced from the inner Wall of the pot 1.

An upright tubularflmember 8 is seated at its bottom end in an annular recess 9 in the top of the pot 6 and is formed with a pluralit 50 of inwardly projecting radial ribs 10 Whic are ,formed with shoulders 11 intermediate of their length, the top ends 12 of which project above the top of the tubular member. An elbow shaped cap 13 rests upon and forms a as continuation of the member 8.

A conical member 14 of refractory material open at the top and having a perforated Wall rests on the shoulders 11 of the ribs 16 and extends upwardly into the cap 13.

Centrally above the member 14 is suspended a metal cone 15. This cone is formed with a. central orifice 16 which extends to the top. A bolt 17 secured in the cap 13 and extending to the bottom of the orice holds the cone in 'I5 place. j

A tube `18 secured in the side opening of the 'elbow cap extends horizontally through the door opening 19 of the furnace and the oil feed pipe 2O connects with the'orifice 16 of B0 the cone 15 and extends throughjsaid tube.

A tube 21 arranged below thel tube 18 is connected with the elbow cap and a gas supljected into the cap. The tubev 21 is open at the open for'the free admission of air or it may be l lprovided with a regulating damper 24.

If a forced draft is desired a blower of any suitable design may be arranged to discharge into the `outer end of the tube 18. V

Suitable-electrical connections for operating the spark plug ignition may be arranged as desired, an installation beingdiagrammatically shown connected with the lever conl hydro-carbon which may be crude oil or fluid trolling the gas supply.`

In-the operation of this invention the fluid fatsY -or tall'ows or other materials possessing hydro-carbon properties, is conducted through the pipe to the oil chamber in the cone 15., it being fed. either by gravity or uni v der pressureas may be 'found desirable.

The oil rising in the orifice 16 flows over the A.; top and down the surfaceof the cone and drips from the bottom edge thereof upon the surface of the perforatedrefractory cone 14.

Prior to turning on the flow `of heavy hy- 'i drocarbon, a flame is producedin the tube 21 by means of gas furnished from a suitable .supply and mixed with air in' its 'passage through'the tube Which'is open at the outer end. The-gas mixture may be ignited in any suitable manner but a spark plugis here shown as a convenient means for lighting the gas llame at the inner end ofthe tube 21.@ The spark plug is shown diagrammatically as being controlled by the gas lever, thatJ is, when the gas is turned on the electric circuit to the spark plug is closeda'nd an ignition spark is created.

.The flame projected from the inner end of l the tube 21 into the vertical chamber enclosed by the upright member 8 and cap 13 heats the refractory cone member 145l and also heats progressive and as the natural draught of I the Volatilized fuels.

the furnace draws air in through the tubes 18 and 21 this air is drawn downwardly in the upright tube 8 and is continually mixed with The :free carbon released in the' combustion is carried downwardly and as the heat becomes more intense it becomes ignited.

'-It will be understood from this description that destructive distillation -of the hydrocarboneis set up in the upright chamber len- A closed yby the tube 8 and cap 13 and that as the lighterportionsof the hydro-carbons are .distilled olf they combine with the air andincrease the temperature Within the chamberv as the combustion'proceeds down the column.

The fuel flows downwardlyover theperforated cone 15 and! as it flows the lighter narv ticles are progressively extracted thereflOIIl and the heat produced continues to flow down-4 y wardly because of the natural direction of the draught while both the draught and the force of gravity carries the fuel onward. As the temperature rises a cracking of the hydro-carbon occurs and the released free carbon is finally brought into a zone of high temperature where it is completely consumed.

The products of combustion' flow from the vertical chamber out through the perforated pot 6 and flow upwardly into the heat transferring chamber of the furnace where their heat is given oli' to the water chambered walls. The vital point is that complete combustion of the fuel takes place within a chamber enclosed within a heating chamber of the furnace before the products of combustion are. allowed to come into contact with the walls of the heat exchanging chamber which absorb the heat from such products of combustion, consequently there can be no loss through the cooling of lpartially consumed particles vola- `tilized or freed from the hydro-carbon fuel.

It may be found desirable to add a certain amount yof air to the products of combustion discharged from the vertical combustion chamber and in order to provide for this an air duct 25 is arranged in the wall 3 close to the base of ther pot 1. Air entering this duct is directed around the base of the pot and is partially heated and rising in the annular chamber around the pot it is further heated before coming into contact with the actual flame emanating from the pot around the central column. This introduction of hot air into the llame adds further oxygen thereto and ensures the complete consumption of any stray particles which may have escaped from the inner combustion zone. This auxiliaryair would not be used under conditions of a normal or low lire but would be used to augment a hot fire, as normally the amount of air taken in through the air tubes 'will be sufficient to completely consume all combustible material.

The result of the use of astructure such, as described is that all the fuel will be completely burned, consequently the maximum of heat -units contained in the fuel will be liberated. The consequence is that a very high' efficiency is obtained. It is of course readily understood that all heat applied to the central chamber is beneficial to the condition within the heat exchanging chamber, as a very considerableamount of heat will be radia-ted therefrom and there will be no loss.

When a fire has beenI started and the inner combustion\ chamber has been thoroughly heated to a temperature `to ensure combustion of the particles the gas may be cut off. I have' shown a burner arranged below the cone 15 to be supplied with a low flash hydro-carbon such as kerosene which may be used for starting. With this structure it is ,merely necessary that the use of the lighter oil ify the heavier oil.

be continued until'the chamber is raised to a suicient degree of heat to thoroughly gas- It will be readily understood that many modifications may be made in the structure of y the device herein disclosed without departing from the* spirit of the invention so long as the construction provides acombustion chamber enclosed within the main heatingY chamber and in which the hydro-carbons are fed downwardly so that they are maintained in a highly heated Zone without contact with cooled surfaces until the combustible material is completelyconsumed andthe heat generated is then brought into contact with the heat transferring surfaces.

lin a process of combusion as herein de? scribed the products to be burned are held in perfect suspension until prepared to assimlate themselves with the atmosphere for combustion, each atom burning according to its specific nature and speed of combustion. The cracking of the voil causes first the combin- Ying of the lighter or hydrogen bearing content which ignites at low temperatures and pressures andl burns rapidly, producing high temperatures and the carbon produced igniting because of the raising of the temperature of one part of carbon so that it will combine with two parts of oxygen, which result would not be effected at low temperature.

What l claim as my invention is t- 1. lin an oil burner, the combination with the combustion chamber of a furnace, of a pot in the bottom thereofh-aving an open top, a perforated pot open at the bottom and top and of lesser diameter than the aforesaidl pot supported from the top of the aforesaid pot, a tubular member extending upwardly from the top of the inner pot, a refractory obstructing memberl supported, centrally of said tubular member and having a passage therearound, a cap closing the top of said upright tubular member, an oil distributing member supported within said cap centrallyl of the upright tube, a conduit leading from outside the furnace combustion chamber to said cap, an oil feed pipe leading through said conduit to the oil distributor, and means extending from outside the furnace combustion chamber into said cap for projecting a dame into the path ofthe distributed oil.

2. In an oil burner, the combination with the combustion chamber of a furnace, of an air conduit extending downwardly withf in said combustion chamber and directing a confined flow of air toward the lower end thereof, a hollow member arranged in said air conduit having the walls perforated to present an extended surface area, and means at the upper end of said air conduit for dropping oil in liquid form upon the perforatel walls of said hollow member, said perforate walls effecting the suspension of vdownward flow of air within the air conduit to effect its progressive volatilization.

3,'In an oil burner., the combination with the combustion chamber of a furnace, of an air conduit extending downwardly within said combustion chamber and directing a confined flow of air toward the lowerv end thereof, a hollow conical walled refractory member arranged centrally within and supported from the inner wall of said air conduit and being spaced therefrom to provide a free passage for the downward flow of air, and means at the upper end of said air conduit for dropping oil in liquid form upon the conical wall of said refractory member, said walls being perforated to propresent an extended surface area, means atl the upper end of said air conduit for dropping oil in liquid form upon the perforate walls of said hollow member, said perforate walls effecting the suspension of the liquid oil in the path of the confined downward flow of air within the air conduit to effect its progressive volatilization, a bafiie member below the lower end of said air conduit for receiving the discharge therefrom and having upwardly extending walls adapted to direct the burning gases upwardly around the outer wall of said air conduit, and a perforate walled member interposed between said baffle member and the lower end of said air conduit.

5. In an oil burner, the combination with the combustion chamber of a furnace, of an air conduit extending downwardly within said combustion chamber and directing a confined flow of air toward the lower: end thereof, a conical oil distributing member supported in `an upright position within the upper end of said air conduit, said conical member having an oil well therein extending centrally downwardly from the small upper end, said Vwell being open at the top, means for conducting oil to said well at thenlower end thereof, said oil being adapted to flow from the open top of the well down over the outer conical wall of the oil distributing member and drip yfrom the lower end in a circumferential 'Wall arranged in the path of the oil dripping from said conical oil distributing member to intercept said oil, the Wall of said refractory member being perforated to.

rexpose the maximum surface area and ef- Liv.

feet thereby the suspension of the intercepted liquid oil in the direct path of the downward air How within the conduit to cause its progressive volatilization therein.A

WILLIAM SHORE; 

